Step 6: Methods Key Points

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  • Astronauts grew three crops of red romaine lettuce in consecutive years.
  • Crops were grown on Earth at the same time and under the same conditions. They controlled for humidity, carbon dioxide, and temperature.
  • Samples of leaves and roots were tested for nutrient levels. They were also tested for the foodborne pathogens E. coli and Salmonella.
  • Researchers collected other bacteria and fungi from the leaves of the lettuce and grew them on petri dishes. Then they isolated DNA from the different colonies and identified them using a database. They also directly sampled the lettuce for any bacterial or fungal DNA.

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